资源类型

期刊论文 477

会议视频 7

会议信息 1

年份

2024 1

2023 32

2022 53

2021 44

2020 34

2019 38

2018 28

2017 24

2016 17

2015 23

2014 45

2013 22

2012 8

2011 19

2010 23

2009 17

2008 14

2007 17

2006 3

2005 4

展开 ︾

关键词

医学 5

治疗 4

反渗透 3

SARS-CoV-2 2

人工智能 2

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠 2

印染废水 2

吸附 2

地理分布 2

废水 2

绿色化工 2

2 1

4-二硝基茴香醚 1

6016 合金 1

ADAM10抑制剂 1

COVID-19 1

Cu(In 1

FGR预测 1

Ga)Se2 1

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 145-157 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0335-1

摘要：

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B     HBV treatment guidelines     APASL guidelines     EASL guidelines     AASLD guidelines    

HTML PDF 收藏

Impact of HBV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell on HBV intrauterine transmission

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 548-553 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0597-5

摘要：

This study determined the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from HBsAg-positive mothers on HBV intrauterine transmission. A total of 150 HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates were recruited in this study. Within 24 h after birth, HBV serological markers, serum HBV DNA, PBMC HBV relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA), and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) were measured in the HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates before passive-active immune prophylaxis. The relationship between HBV replication in PBMC and HBV intrauterine transmission was examined through Chi-square test and logistic regression. The rate of HBV intrauterine transmission was 8.00% (12/150) in the 150 neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers. The positivities of PBMC HBV rcDNA and cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers were 36.67% (55/150) and 10% (15/150), respectively. Maternal PBMC HBV cccDNA was a risk factor of HBV intrauterine transmission (OR= 6.003, 95% CI: 1.249–28.855). Maternal serum HBeAg was a risk factor of PBMC HBV rcDNA (OR= 3.896, 95% CI: 1.929–7.876) and PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR= 3.74, 95% CI: 1.186–11.793) in the HBsAg-positive mothers. Administration of hepatitis B immune globulin was a protective factor of PBMC HBV cccDNA (OR= 0.312, 95% CI: 0.102–0.954) during pregnancy. The positivity of PBMC HBV rcDNA was related to that of cccDNA in the HBsAg-positive mothers (c2=5.087, P= 0.024). This study suggests that PBMC is a reservoir of HBV and an extrahepatic site for virus replication and plays a critical role in HBV intrauterine transmission.

关键词： PBMC     HBV cccDNA     HBV rcDNA     HBV intrauterine transmission    

HTML PDF 收藏

Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 158-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0340-4

摘要：

Hepatitis B remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis B to infants still occurs perinatally although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-to-child transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.

关键词： antiviral therapy     Caesarean section     cirrhosis     hepatitis B     immunoprophylaxis     mother-to-child transmission     pregnancy     prevention    

HTML PDF 收藏

New perspective on the natural course of chronic HBV infection

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 129-134 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0339-x

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant threat to public health and an enormous burden on society. Mechanisms responsible for chronic HBV infection remain poorly understood. A better understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection may shed new light on the mechanisms underlying this disease and help in designing new antiviral strategies. Natural course of chronic HBV infection is conventionally viewed as an uninterrupted process that is usually marked by HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion or characterized by different phases associated with assumed host responses to HBV infection. However, none of these descriptions captures or highlights the core events that determine the natural course of chronic HBV infection. In this review, we briefly present the current knowledge on this subject and explain the significance and implication of events that occur during infection. A pre-core mutant becomes predominant in the viral population following elimination of the wild-type virus in duck hepatitis B virus-chronically infected animals. The coupled events in which first there is viral clearance that clears wild-type virus and then there is the reinfection of wild-type virus cleared livers with mutant virus are highly relevant to understanding of the natural course of chronic HBV infection under both treated and untreated conditions. In our new perspective, a general natural course of chronic HBV infection comprises cycles of viral clearance and reinfection, and such cycles prolong the chronic HBV infection course. Reviewing published data on the natural course of chronic HBV infection can reduce the possibility of missing important points in the initial data interpretation.

关键词： hepatitis B virus     chronic HBV infection     natural course     hepatitis B     seroconversion    

HTML PDF 收藏

一种基于血液检测的诊断和预测HBV相关疾病的弹性方法 Article

侯格格, 陈云茹, 刘小静, 张东, 耿智敏, 司书宾

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 174-185 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.013

摘要：

乙肝病毒(HBV)感染威胁着全球公共卫生安全，是导致肝脏相关疾病发病率和死亡率的主要原因。HBV持续感染引起的肝脏疾病检查方法包括实验室检测、超声、CT、核磁共振和肝活检等，重复的检查和多次诊断可能导致患者每次就医都面临高额费用。

关键词： HBV相关疾病     功能弹性     医疗资源利用率     关键状态     网络    

HTML PDF 收藏

Potential use of serum HBV RNA in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in the era of nucleos(t)ide

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 502-508 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0590-z

摘要：

Although the efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) has been confirmed for treatment of chronic hepatitis B, long-term therapy has been recommended due to the high frequency of off-therapy viral DNA rebound and disease relapse. In this review, the RNA virion-like particles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are integrated into the life cycle of HBV replication, and the potential significance of serum HBV RNA is systematically described. The production of HBV RNA virion-like particles should not be blocked by NA; in this regard, serum HBV RNA is found to be a suitable surrogate marker for the activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), particularly among patients receiving NA therapy. Therefore, the concept of virological response is redefined as persistent loss of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA. In contrast to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that can originate from either the cccDNA or the integrated HBV DNA fragment, serum HBV RNA, with pregenomic RNA origination, can only be transcribed from cccDNA. Therefore, the loss of serum HBV RNA would likely be a promising predicator for safe drug discontinuation. The clinical status of consistent loss of serum HBV RNA accompanied with low serum HBsAg levels might be implicated as a “para-functional cure,” a status nearly close to the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B, to distinguish the “functional cure” characterized as serum HBsAg loss with or without anti-HBs seroconversion.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B     serum HBV RNA     nucleos(t)ide analogs     virological response     para-functional cure    

HTML PDF 收藏

Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV: progress and challenges in China

Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Min Liu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 21-29 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0744-2

摘要： China has the world’s largest burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the country has made considerable progress in preventing its mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in the past three decades. This feat is made possible due to the high coverage of birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine (HepB,>95%), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening for pregnant women (>99%), and hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus HepB for newborns whose mothers are HBsAg positive (>99%). Studies on the optimal antiviral treatment regimen for pregnant women with high HBV-DNA load have also been conducted. However, China still faces challenges in eliminating MTCT of HBV. The overall HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women is considered an intermediate endemic. The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women from remote, rural, or ethnic minority areas is higher than that of the national level because of limited health resources and public health education for HBV. The coverage for maternal and child healthcare and immunization services should be improved, especially in western regions. Integration of current services to prevent MTCT of HBV with other relevant health services can increase the acceptability, efficiency, and coverage of these services, particularly in remote areas and ethnic minority areas. By doing so, progress toward key milestones and targets to eliminate hepatitis B as the main public health threat by 2030 can be achieved.

关键词： hepatitis B virus     mother-to-child transmission     progress     challenge    

HTML PDF 收藏

Review of recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock

Jin-Nong ZHANG MD, Bo PENG BA, Jamile WOODS MD, Wei PENG MD, PhD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 54-58 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0008-7

摘要： Severe sepsis and septic shock affect millions of patients and are major causes of mortality worldwide. Advancements in treatment and disease management led to a decline in in-hospital mortality from 27.8% (1979–1984) to 17.9% (1995 to 2000). In this article, we systemically review recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock published in 2008 by the International Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee. The 2008 Surviving Sepsis guidelines recommend protocolized resuscitation with goals to maintain central venous pressure≥8–12mmHg, mean arterial pressure≥65mmHg, urine output≥0.5mL·kg·h and central venous oxygen saturation≥70% (or mixed venous≥65%). Further fluid administration, transfusion of packed red blood cells to achieve a hematocrit of≥30% and/or infusion of dobutamine max 20µg·kg·min are advised if venous O saturations remain below 70%. In patients with decreased ventricular compliance or mechanical ventilation, a target central venous pressure of 12–15mmHg is recommended. Intravenous antibiotic administration within the first hour of recognizing severe sepsis and septic shock is essential, while use of corticosteroids in sepsis is controversial. The mechanisms by which activated protein C improves clinical outcomes in sepsis are unknown. Therapy with activated protein C is approved for patients with severe sepsis and an increased risk of death [Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)>25]. Bicarbonate therapy is discouraged. Intravenous insulin should be used to control hyperglycemia in patients with severe sepsis following stabilization in the intensive care unit.

关键词： sepsis     septic shock     hemodynamics     guidelines    

HTML PDF 收藏

The imperative need to develop guidelines to manage human versus machine intelligence

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 182-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018085

摘要： Machine intelligence is increasingly entering roles that were until recently dominated by human intelligence. As humans now depend upon machines to perform various tasks and operations, there appears to be a risk that humans are losing the necessary skills associated with producing competitively advantageous decisions. Therefore, this research explores the emerging area of human versus machine decision-making. An illustrative engineering case involving a joint machine and human decision-making system is presented to demonstrate how the outcome was not satisfactorily managed for all the parties involved. This is accompanied by a novel framework and research agenda to highlight areas of concern for engineering managers. We offer that the speed at which new human-machine interactions are being encountered by engineering managers suggests that an urgent need exists to develop a robust body of knowledge to provide sound guidance to situations where human and machine decisions conflict. Human-machine systems are becoming pervasive yet this research has revealed that current technological approaches are not adequate. The engineering insights and multi-criteria decision-making tool from this research significantly advance our understanding of this important area.

关键词： human intelligence & machine intelligence     HI-MI     decision-making     artificial intelligence    

HTML PDF 收藏

Emergent limited perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: should new guidelines exist for limited

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 332-337 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0212-8

摘要：

Bedside limited echocardiography, or focused cardiac ultrasound, continues to gain popularity in many emergency rooms, intensive care units, and operating rooms as a rapid method of assessing unstable patients. Effective monitoring of cardiovascular function in conditions like cardiac arrest or near-arrest is the crucial step to guide successful resuscitative efforts. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has emerged as one of the preferred cardiac diagnostic and monitoring modalities in the intraoperative setting due to the fact that it is less invasive than many other monitors, is immediately accessible, and allows for continuous real-time monitoring of cardiac function. However, the minimum training requirements needed for the anesthesia provider to obtain the competency, knowledge, and skills for basic certification in perioperative TEE far exceed those developed for other medical specialties. We believe there is an urgent need to develop (1) practical guidelines for emergent perioperative TEE use for anesthesiologists and (2) a requisite educational curriculum to teach the basic skills necessary to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest or near-arrest scenarios. The measures elucidated in this report summarize the efforts of the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Florida in establishing the necessary steps to make this process not only practical, but accessible to all trainees. We hope that these collective efforts will provide more trainees the confidence in utilizing TEE to aid in establishing a diagnosis in critical situations.

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography     curriculum     competency training     hemodynamic instability    

HTML PDF 收藏

Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

Wei Tian, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, Mingxing International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 518-527 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0775-8

摘要： Spinal surgery is a technically demanding and challenging procedure because of the complicated anatomical structures of the spine and its proximity to several important tissues. Surgical landmarks and fluoroscopy have been used for pedicle screw insertion but are found to produce inaccuracies in placement. Improving the safety and accuracy of spinal surgery has increasingly become a clinical concern. Computer-assisted navigation is an extension and application of precision medicine in orthopaedic surgery and has significantly improved the accuracy of spinal surgery. However, no clinical guidelines have been published for this relatively new and fast-growing technique, thus potentially limiting its adoption. In accordance with the consensus of consultant specialists, literature reviews, and our local experience, these guidelines include the basic concepts of the navigation system, workflow of navigation-assisted spinal surgery, some common pitfalls, and recommended solutions. This work helps to standardize navigation-assisted spinal surgery, improve its clinical efficiency and precision, and shorten the clinical learning curve.

关键词： guidelines     spine surgery     computer-assisted navigation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0225-7

摘要： Ammonia is highly volatile and will present substantial environmental and operation hazards when leaking into the air. However, ammonia is the most common reactant in the DENOX project to eliminate NO in the flue gas. The storage and transportation of liquid ammonia has always been a dilemma of the power plant. Urea is a perfect substitute source for ammonia in the plant. Urea hydrolysis technology can easily convert urea into ammonia with low expense. Presently, there is still no self-depended mature urea hydrolysis technology for the DENOX project in China; therefore, this paper proposes several guidelines to design the urea hydrolyser by theoretical analysis. Based on theoretical analysis, a simulation model is built to simulate the chemical reaction in the urea hydrolyser and is validated by the operational data of the commercial hydrolyser revealed in the literature. This paper endeavors to propose suggestions and guidelines to develop domestically urea hydrolysers in China.

关键词： urea     hydrolyser     ammonia     selective catalytic reduction (SCR)    

HTML PDF 收藏

dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using biosolids quality guidelines

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 710-718 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0592-2

摘要： Dry-toilet collected matter (DCM) from traditional dry-toilet pits are a potential health and ecological risk in suburban areas. In this study, the characteristics of metals in DCMs from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar were surveyed. The results indicate that DCMs contain a high percentage of organic matter and nutrients, while heavy metals are at low levels, which shows good agricultural potential. The concentration ranges of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 11±5, 46±9, 0.08±0.05, 9±3, 17±9, and 338±86 mg·kg , respectively. The concentration of Cd was below 0.5 mg·kg , and a high positive relation was shown between chromium and nickel concentrations. The heavy metals in DCMs were safe for land application but Zn in DCMs was close to the effects range median (ERM), which is toxic in some cases, such as amphipod bioassays. Because it is mandatory to treat DCMs to reduce pathogens, in the case of heavy metal enrichment and agricultural reuse, composting or pyrolysis are better choices than incineration. Compared with global soil background values, the heavy metals in DCMs showed a low level of ecological risk, but a medium level when compared with Mongolian soil background values. The ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order Hg>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni>Cr and the contribution rate of Hg exceeded 60%.

关键词： heavy metals     suburban areas     dry-toilet     risk assessment    

HTML PDF 收藏

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examination for Chinese anesthesiologists

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 123-128 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0366-7

摘要：

Guidelines for the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination have defined a detailed standard for medical professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, on how a TEE exam should proceed. Over the years, TEE has gained substantial popularity and emerged as a preferred monitoring modality to aid in perioperative management and decision making during hemodynamic instability situations or critical care settings. TEE training pathways and practice guidelines have been well established in western countries and many regions of the world. However, TEE training and practice information for anesthesiologists are lacking in China. As innovative technologies develop, other educational models have emerged to aid in obtaining competency in basic TEE exam. Hence, establishing a consensus on the ideal TEE training approach for anesthesiologists in China is urgently needed. Developing an effective curriculum that can be incorporated into an anesthesiology resident’s overall training is also necessary to provide knowledge and skills toward competency in basic TEE exam. With evolving medical system reforms and increasing demands for intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring to accommodate surgical innovations, anesthesiology professionals are increasingly obliged to perform intraoperative TEE exams in their current and future practices. To overcome obstacles and achieve significant progress in using the TEE modality to help in intraoperative management and surgical decision making, publishing basic TEE training guidelines for China’s anesthesiologists is an important endeavor.

关键词： transesophageal echocardiography     guidelines     training     competency    

HTML PDF 收藏

Current advances in the elimination of hepatitis B in China by 2030

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 490-501 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0598-4

摘要：

With its 78 million chronic carriers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the leading public health challenges in China. Over the last two decades, China has made great progress on the prevention of HBV transmission through national vaccination programs. Zero transmission from mother to infant has been proposed as the current goal. Available anti-HBV therapy is efficacious in suppressing HBV replication; however, it fails to completely cure patients with chronic hepatitis B and even requires lifelong treatment. To reduce the costs and improve the efficacy, several trials have been recently conducted in China to optimize the current anti-HBV managements. Novel biomarkers were identified to predict treatment outcomes, and new promising treatment strategies were developed. Reports also indicate that coinfections of HBV with other hepatotropic viruses and human immunodeficiency virus are common in China and cause severe liver diseases, which should be recognized early and treated properly. Work is still needed to eliminate hepatitis B in China by 2030.

关键词： HBV     CHB     biomarker     functional cure     coinfection    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

null

期刊论文

Impact of HBV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cell on HBV intrauterine transmission

null

期刊论文

Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

null

期刊论文

New perspective on the natural course of chronic HBV infection

null

期刊论文

一种基于血液检测的诊断和预测HBV相关疾病的弹性方法

侯格格, 陈云茹, 刘小静, 张东, 耿智敏, 司书宾

期刊论文

Potential use of serum HBV RNA in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in the era of nucleos(t)ide

null

期刊论文

Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV: progress and challenges in China

Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Min Liu

期刊论文

Review of recent guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock

Jin-Nong ZHANG MD, Bo PENG BA, Jamile WOODS MD, Wei PENG MD, PhD,

期刊论文

The imperative need to develop guidelines to manage human versus machine intelligence

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

Emergent limited perioperative transesophageal echocardiography: should new guidelines exist for limited

null

期刊论文

Guidelines for navigation-assisted spine surgery

Wei Tian, Bo Liu, Da He, Yajun Liu, Xiaoguang Han, Jingwei Zhao, Mingxing International Society for Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery

期刊论文

Design guidelines for urea hydrolysers for ammonia demand of the SCR DENOX project in coal-fired power

Peng ZHENG, Xuan YAO, Wei ZHENG

期刊论文

dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using biosolids quality guidelines

Xuan LIU,Zifu LI,Eric BOSC,Heinz-Peter MANG

期刊论文

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examination for Chinese anesthesiologists

null

期刊论文

Current advances in the elimination of hepatitis B in China by 2030

null

期刊论文